{"version":"1.0","provider_name":"Middle East & North Africa","provider_url":"https:\/\/noria-research.com\/mena","author_name":"Mona Ali","author_url":"https:\/\/noria-research.com\/mena\/author\/monaali\/","title":"Debt, Energy, and Sovereignty: Past and Present - Middle East & North Africa","type":"rich","width":600,"height":338,"html":"<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"7rfg2Txq3Z\"><a href=\"https:\/\/noria-research.com\/mena\/debt-energy-and-sovereignty-past-and-present\/\">Debt, Energy, and Sovereignty: Past and Present<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" src=\"https:\/\/noria-research.com\/mena\/debt-energy-and-sovereignty-past-and-present\/embed\/#?secret=7rfg2Txq3Z\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" title=\"&#8220;Debt, Energy, and Sovereignty: Past and Present&#8221; &#8212; Middle East &amp; North Africa\" data-secret=\"7rfg2Txq3Z\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\"><\/iframe><script>\n\/*! This file is auto-generated *\/\n!function(d,l){\"use strict\";l.querySelector&&d.addEventListener&&\"undefined\"!=typeof URL&&(d.wp=d.wp||{},d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage||(d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage=function(e){var t=e.data;if((t||t.secret||t.message||t.value)&&!\/[^a-zA-Z0-9]\/.test(t.secret)){for(var s,r,n,a=l.querySelectorAll('iframe[data-secret=\"'+t.secret+'\"]'),o=l.querySelectorAll('blockquote[data-secret=\"'+t.secret+'\"]'),c=new RegExp(\"^https?:$\",\"i\"),i=0;i<o.length;i++)o[i].style.display=\"none\";for(i=0;i<a.length;i++)s=a[i],e.source===s.contentWindow&&(s.removeAttribute(\"style\"),\"height\"===t.message?(1e3<(r=parseInt(t.value,10))?r=1e3:~~r<200&&(r=200),s.height=r):\"link\"===t.message&&(r=new URL(s.getAttribute(\"src\")),n=new URL(t.value),c.test(n.protocol))&&n.host===r.host&&l.activeElement===s&&(d.top.location.href=t.value))}},d.addEventListener(\"message\",d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage,!1),l.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){for(var e,t,s=l.querySelectorAll(\"iframe.wp-embedded-content\"),r=0;r<s.length;r++)(t=(e=s[r]).getAttribute(\"data-secret\"))||(t=Math.random().toString(36).substring(2,12),e.src+=\"#?secret=\"+t,e.setAttribute(\"data-secret\",t)),e.contentWindow.postMessage({message:\"ready\",secret:t},\"*\")},!1)))}(window,document);\n<\/script>\n","thumbnail_url":"https:\/\/noria-research.com\/mena\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/512px-Suez_crisis.jpg","thumbnail_width":512,"thumbnail_height":461,"description":"Introduction The financial and trade warfare launched by western allies on Russia after Putin\u2019s invasion of Ukraine in 2022 was unquestionably unprecedented, yet the triangulation between external debt, energy infrastructure, and sovereignty is a recurring theme in geopolitics. I examine these issues across two contemporary theatres of conflict and consider their historical precedents. The first [&hellip;]"}