Introduction For several years now, Venezuela has been plagued by an unprecedented combination of political, institutional, economic, social, health, and security crises. After losing control
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Leaving Oil Behind? Culture and Politics in the Collapse of Venezuela
Interview with Arnoldo Pirela, conducted by Fabrice Andréani In your opinion, what are the most salient features of the current socio-economic crisis in Venezuela? Venezuela
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Did the Bolivarian Revolution Transform the Venezuelan State?: The Working Class, the State, and Activism in Venezuela
Interview with Yoletty Bracho, conducted by Mathilde Allain The Bolivarian Revolution launched by Hugo Chávez in 1999 aimed to transform the Venezuelan state. You studied
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Differentiated Use of Institutional Violence in Venezuela
Interview with Keymer Ávila, conducted by Fabrice Andréani What is the current state of relations between security forces and the Venezuelan population, especially the working
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The Experience of Armed Violence in the Barrios of Caracas: Gangs, Military Operations, and Conflict Management in Day-To-Day Life
Interview with Verónica Zubillaga,conducted by Yoletty Bracho What is the role of violence in the barrios and in the daily experience of working-class people in
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Migrating Home, Going Home Abroad: Venezuelan Refugees’ Detours Between Colombia and Venezuela During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Interview with Fernando Garlin Politis,conducted by Yoletty Bracho Could you give us a quick overview of Venezuelan migration in Latin America? More precisely, what is
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All Options on the Table?: The United States’ Venezuelan Policy Under the Trump Administration
Interview with Alejandro Velasco, conducted by Fabrice Andréani How would you characterize the U.S. policy towards Venezuela over the last four years? From the very
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Militarised Trade Unions in Ghana: The Action of Union Guards (1982-2001)
Introduction It’s 2013. I meet Ato at Kaneshie bus station, which is one of the main transport hubs in Ghana’s Accra region. Ato must be
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Centralism and Authoritarianism in India: The Abrogation of Jammu and Kashmir’s Autonomy
In August 2019, Narendra Modi’s Hindu nationalist government removed the constitutionally mandated autonomy of Jammu and Kashmir, the only Muslim-majority state in India. The decision
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The Local Roots of Violence in Eastern Burkina Faso: Competition over resources, weapons and the State
Since the end of 2018, an explosion of violence tied to the presence of jihadist groups has shaken Eastern Burkina Faso, an area of the
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Fighting against Peace in Libya
On April 4, Khalifa Haftar launched the troops of the self-proclaimed “Libyan National Army” on Tripoli, the Libyan capital where the Government of National Unity
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Reflection on the Sudanese revolutionary Dynamics
Since December 2018, Sudan has experienced demonstrations calling for the fall of Omar al-Bashir, who has led the country since 1989, as well as the
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The Sudanese Revolution: the Climax of a Decade of challenging the Political Order
For about ten years, there have been various forms of protest in Sudan, what are the mobilization practices and who are the protesters? Clément Deshayes:
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The Mechanisms of the revolutionary Movement among the Sudanese of the Diaspora
Could you enlighten us about the main historical waves of Sudanese migrations towards Europe? What are the particularities of the Sudanese migrants in Europe, and
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Class Dynamics, Dissemination of the Sudanese Uprising
Who are these people who went to the streets? For these last two months, do we notice an evolution in the profile of the protesters?
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Mapping the 2019 Sudan Protests
These maps were first designed as part of a special issue dedicated to the 2019 Sudanese uprising:“Down with the government of thieves” : Reflection on
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The Sudanese Popular Uprising : From the First Demonstration to the State of Emergency
This map was first published as a part of a special issue dedicated to Sudanese uprising : “Down with the government of thieves” : Reflection
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The daily life of the Khartoum sit-in
On April 6th, 2019, on the anniversary date of the 1985 popular uprising and the fall of Nimeiri’s military regime, militant groups which had been
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Political Economy of the Regime and Revolt
What role does the economic factor play in triggering demonstrations? Raphaëlle Chevrillon-Guibert: Since the independence of Southern Sudan in 2011, it is very clear
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The Third Sudanese Revolution Reinstates Women from all Walks of Life onto the Map of Sudanese Public Life
Where do women stand in the midst of the large number of Sudanese who participated in the revolution and what motivated their emergence at this
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The Spatial Dimension of the four-months-long Sudanese Uprising
Can you describe the organization and mobilization of the recent protests that took place in Khartoum and other places? Mohamed A.G. Bakhit , Sherein Ibrahim,
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Leftist Leanings and the Enlivening of Revolutionary Memory
What role do the Sudanese Communist Party and Marxism more broadly play in Sudan? Elena Vezzadini: The Sudanese Communist Party (SCP) has been referred to
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IRA Veterans :Continuing the Fight, or Passing On the Flame?
Since the end of the conflict in Northern Ireland in 1998, the veterans of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) have become a central feature of
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Libya’s Territorial and Institutional Division
These documents were first designed as part of Xavier Guignard‘s interview with Seif Eddine Trabelsi, Fighting against Peace in Libya.
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Self-Defence Movements in Burkina Faso: Diffusion and Structuration of Koglweogo Groups
In the midst of a political transition since the popular revolution of 2014, Burkina Faso has known a collapse of security in the context of
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Before the Trump Era, the “Wall” Made In Arizona as Political Performance
“Trump’s Wall” illustrates the US obsession with ever-greater militarization of the Mexican border, independently of the actual numbers of unauthorized crossings. Yet these debates began
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On the Balkan Route
On winter 2017 Adrian Foucher and I traveled in the Balkans, along the so-called “Balkan Route”, the purpose of this journey was to observe the
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On the Balkan Route: Pernicious Effects of the E.U. Anti-Migration Policies
In 2015, over 800,000 people, most of them fleeing Syria, crossed the Aegean Sea on makeshift boats, leaving the Turkish coastline for Greek islands, then continuing to continental Greece, and finally, via the Balkan route, to Western Europe. Faced with the scale of these arrivals, two kinds of public policy were devised: the unilateral closure of borders and an agreement with Turkey. Based on the study of Belgrade informal camp, this analysis highlights the pernicious effects of those policies: the marginalization of part of the migrants and the development of circumventions practices that forced migrants to take more risks.
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The Dynamics of Peace Process in Tajikistan
These maps were designed by Xavier Houdoy and Nicolas Ressler for Noria. They were based on data gathered by Jan Tomek in 2016. To use these maps from Noria’s website, please provide their title along with Noria’s name and the URL of the webpage.
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The Dynamics of the Peace Process in Tajikistan: Power-Sharing and the Unravelling of the post-Civil War Status Quo
Parts of Central Asia – a region where authoritarian rule has been the norm since the end of the Soviet Union – are liberalising, albeit
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When Women Take Part in the Rebellion: the Ex-Fighters from Ivory Coast
This article illustrates the complexity of women’s engagement in armed groups, through the example of women involved in the rebellion in Ivory Coast between 2002 and 2011. It provides an analysis of the trajectories of women enrolled in the conflict in Ivory Coast in various regions and during various periods of the rebellion. How were women involved in the conflict in Ivory Coast? What motives led them to become involved in the rebellion and, once they had become involved, what activities did they engage in? How might one compare their experience in the rebellion to that of men?
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Two Years On From the Minsk Agreements
In November 2013, in response to then-President Victor Ianoukovitch’s decision to suspend the signing of an Association Agreement with the European Union, protests began on
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From Arms to Politics: The New Struggle of the Tamil Diaspora
During the Sri Lankan civil war, the Tamil diaspora played a key role providing the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) with the funds necessary
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A battle for Taiwan’s past: commemorating the February 28th incident, seventy years later
An anniversary under pressure Taiwan recently commemorated the 70th anniversary of the February 28th Incident (or 2.28 Incident), as the 1947 revolt against Kuomintang (KMT)
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The Political Stakes of the Battle for Mosul
The battle for Mosul is the final episode of the recapture of Iraq. It is the last act of a divided political and military landscape
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The strategy of Jabhat Al-Nusra / Jabhat Fath Al-Sham in regarding the truces in Syria
Since the beginning of 2016, the international community has been striving to ensure that the local and national truces in Syria are respected. Jabhat al-Nusra
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Rule of Law, Justice and Constitutionalism in Pakistan: The ‘Lawyers’ Movement for the Restoration of Judiciary and Democracy
In March 2007, lawyers across Pakistan rose up against the eight-year long military rule of General Pervez Musharraf, when he dismissed the Chief Justice of
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Shiite nationalism? Sistani, Present in Absence
This is an extended version of an article previously published, in French and in Arabic, by Orient XXI. It does not take into account recent
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The ICC and the Crime of Genocide: Maneuvering the Status of Minority in Darfur
The International Criminal Court (hereafter the ICC) first indicted the Sudanese head of State, Omar Hassan Ahmad Al-Bashir, in March 2009 for the crimes committed
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The 2012 Local Elections in the West Bank: a Display of Discreet Authoritarianism?
Criticisms of the authoritarian drift or power confiscation engaged in by Mahmoud Abbas and his entourage arise from the very heart of the Palestinian state
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Muslims of Bangalore under Narendra Modi’s regime: Perspectives from South India
This article deals with the fast-changing reception of Narendra Modi’s policies by the Muslims of Bangalore. Whilst an investigation in August 2014 revealed a relative
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Exiled Between Two Authoritarianisms: the Sudanese Exiled in Cairo, from Hosni Mubarak to Abdel Fattah El-Sisi
“(…) The authoritarian syndrome persists within renewed political formulas.” – M. Camau[note]« Globalisation démocratique et exception autoritaire arabe », Critique internationale, n° 30, 2006, p.
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Yarmouk: a War of All Against All
“Yarmouk has been living under siege for over 650 days; water and electricity have been cut for over 200 days… Yarmouk’s suffering is more than
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Hong Kong, Taiwan and Chinese Irredentism: Is the “One Country, Two Systems” principle failing?
On the 14th of December, a flag was being flown at the centre of the last gathering of occupiers in Causeway Bay at the centre
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Israel and its “Infiltrators”: Reflecting upon a political crisis
The anticipated elections in Israel, called for by Benjamin Netanyahu on the 2nd of December 2014 and voted by the Knesset on the 8th of that
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The Peshmergas and the Future of the State
PUK-affiliated Peshmergas of the Kurdish Regional Government’s army having dinner in Kolajo, Northern Iraq, August 2012. © Edouard Beau / Agence Vu Informal systems
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The Sunni Revolution and the Outburst of Community Divisions in Iraq
This analysis is based on fieldwork conducted in Northern Iraq ovef the course of Fall 2014, with the support of the WAFAW program of the
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Un-building the Metropolis: Istanbul at the Age of “Urban Transformation”
Text by Sinan Logie and Yoann Morvan The two contributions presented here shed light on the ongoing urban mutation of the Bosphorus megalopolis. They present
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From the NMA to the NMLA: the Shift to Armed Struggle
On 17 January, 2012, the National Movement for the Liberation of the Azawad (NMLA) declared war to the Malian State in the name of Azawad’s
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The Political Stakes of the Ukrainian Presidential Election
The Power Shift in Kiev Shortly after taking office, the new central authorities faced the problem of separatism in Crimea and the East and South
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Testimony of General Ahmed Tlass on the Syrian Regime and the Repression
Born in 1961 in the town of Rastan between Homs and Hama, General Ahmed Tlass graduated from the Police Academy with a doctorate in Political
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Transformations of Trans-Border Areas in the Context of the Syrian Conflict
Syrian and Iraqi borders dynamics exemplify the ongoing metamorphoses in the Middle East, and their neighbors in the region—Turkey, Iran, Jordan, Lebanon and Israel—deeply feel
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No Trespassing
“No Trespassing sheds light on the fragmentation of the territory” This series is the result of a work that started in 2009 and focused on
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Between Al Qaeda and the Syrian regime: A Path Out of the Current Crisis
This report is the result of two weeks of field research in the governorate of Aleppo and three weeks of interviews all along the Turkish-Syrian
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Mapping Competing Strategies in the Syrian Conflict
The rebels control a majority of the territory, but the regime still rules over the majority of the population, as it keeps a hold over
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National Territory Crumbling: The Dynamics of Syria’s Borders
This map is based on data gathered by Cyril Roussel in the course of fall 2013.
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The Civilian Administration of the Insurgency in Aleppo
While the human and financial means were limited, civilian institutions have nevertheless emerged in a few months in the zones conquered by the insurrection movement
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Transnistria, A Living Museum
The USSR’s collapse in 1991 gave rise to various conflicts and tensions amongst the young states which emerged from the Soviet Union. In Central Asia,
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Shutka, The Roma Capital
The Roma ‘Gypsies’ began moving out of Northern India more than 2000 years ago, spreading throughout Europe, the Middle East and northern Africa. Now numbering around 15
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