{"id":242,"date":"2025-02-27T00:08:35","date_gmt":"2025-02-26T23:08:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/noria-research.com\/africas\/?p=242"},"modified":"2026-02-16T12:30:19","modified_gmt":"2026-02-16T11:30:19","slug":"seminaire-seance-n4-d-a-cisse","status":"publish","type":"event","link":"https:\/\/noria-research.com\/africas\/fr\/event\/seminaire-seance-n4-d-a-cisse\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00e9minaire – S\u00e9ance n\u00b04 – D. A. Ciss\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00c0 propos de Diane Alima Ciss\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Diane Alima Ciss\u00e9 est doctorante en science politique \u00e0 l’Universit\u00e9 d’Ottawa. Elle travaille sur les mobilisations sociales et les questions fonci\u00e8res au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Discutante<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Marie-Emmanuelle Pommerolle est politiste et maitresse de conf\u00e9rence \u00e0 Paris 1 Panth\u00e9on Sorbonne. Elle travaille sur les processus de politisation, les mouvements sociaux au Cameroun et au Kenya. Elle a r\u00e9cemment publi\u00e9 De la loyaut\u00e9 au Cameroun. Essai sur un ordre politique et ses crises <\/em>chez Karthala (2024)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour sur la communication<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Axe 2 – Dynamiques et transformations politiques<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Cette communication examine la r\u00e9ponse diff\u00e9renci\u00e9e des habitants d\u2019une localit\u00e9 situ\u00e9e aux abords du lac de Guiers, dans la r\u00e9gion de Saint-Louis (nord du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal), face \u00e0 l\u2019accaparement des terres par une entreprise agro-industrielle \u00e9trang\u00e8re. Alors que les a\u00een\u00e9s restent passifs, les jeunes hommes adoptent des formes discr\u00e8tes de contestation, qualifi\u00e9es d\u2019infrapolitique. L\u2019analyse s\u2019appuie sur la th\u00e9orie du pouvoir de Dahl et des enqu\u00eates de terrain men\u00e9es entre 2022 et 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Un accaparement progressif et une mobilisation entrav\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019entreprise agro-industrielle s\u2019est install\u00e9e en 2008 pr\u00e8s du lac de Guiers, une ressource en eau strat\u00e9gique pour l\u2019agriculture. Initialement b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire de 5 000 hectares attribu\u00e9s par les autorit\u00e9s, elle s\u2019est progressivement appropri\u00e9e d\u2019autres terres appartenant aux agriculteurs locaux. Malgr\u00e9 la m\u00e9diatisation de ces pratiques, aucune mobilisation collective visible ne s\u2019est organis\u00e9e dans la localit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette absence de r\u00e9action des a\u00een\u00e9s s\u2019explique par un enchev\u00eatrement de contraintes, notamment leur d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me client\u00e9liste domin\u00e9 par un courtier local proche du pouvoir et de l\u2019entreprise. Ce dernier distribue des aides financi\u00e8res et mat\u00e9rielles aux villageois, cr\u00e9ant une relation de dette qui limite toute contestation. De plus, l\u2019entreprise b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d\u2019une protection institutionnelle, comme l\u2019illustre l\u2019arrestation et la judiciarisation d\u2019un agriculteur ayant tent\u00e9 de d\u00e9fendre ses terres. Ce cas a eu un effet dissuasif sur les autres paysans, renfor\u00e7ant leur passivit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Frustration et contestation discr\u00e8te des jeunes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contrairement aux a\u00een\u00e9s, les jeunes hommes du village, priv\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la terre et contraints d\u2019accepter des emplois pr\u00e9caires dans l\u2019entreprise, expriment un m\u00e9contentement croissant. En raison du contr\u00f4le \u00e9conomique et politique exerc\u00e9 par l\u2019entreprise et ses alli\u00e9s, leur contestation ne prend pas la forme d\u2019un affrontement direct mais plut\u00f4t de r\u00e9sistances discr\u00e8tes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces jeunes soutiennent Ousmane Sonko, opposant politique pr\u00f4nant la souverainet\u00e9 \u00e9conomique et d\u00e9non\u00e7ant l\u2019exploitation des ressources nationales par des entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res. Leur engagement reste cependant subtil : certains portent des bracelets du parti PASTEF plut\u00f4t que des t-shirts trop visibles, par crainte de repr\u00e9sailles professionnelles. D\u2019autres ont tent\u00e9 de revendiquer de meilleures conditions de travail, mais ont rapidement \u00e9t\u00e9 musel\u00e9s par la menace de licenciement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Une opposition fragment\u00e9e et sous contr\u00f4le<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019entreprise maintient son emprise en combinant des strat\u00e9gies de contr\u00f4le \u00e9conomique, politique et juridique. Le client\u00e9lisme assure la loyaut\u00e9 des a\u00een\u00e9s, la r\u00e9pression judiciaire dissuade toute mobilisation ouverte, et la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 de l\u2019emploi limite les contestations des jeunes travailleurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ainsi, bien que la r\u00e9sistance existe, elle reste faible et fragment\u00e9e, ne remettant pas fondamentalement en cause la pr\u00e9sence de l\u2019entreprise. L\u2019\u00e9tude met en lumi\u00e8re les limites structurelles \u00e0 l\u2019action collective et le r\u00f4le des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations dans la dynamique des contestations locales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019accaparement des terres au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal ne suscite pas toujours des mobilisations massives. Cette recherche montre comment un syst\u00e8me de domination client\u00e9liste et \u00e9conomique peut emp\u00eacher toute opposition ouverte, tout en nourrissant des formes plus discr\u00e8tes de r\u00e9sistance. L\u2019analyse g\u00e9n\u00e9rationnelle \u00e9claire la mani\u00e8re dont le pouvoir est exerc\u00e9 et contest\u00e9 dans un contexte d\u2019exploitation fonci\u00e8re en Afrique de l\u2019Ouest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9f\u00e9rences bibliographiques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • Kosec, Katrina, Hosaena Ghebru, Brian Holtemeyer, Valerie Mueller, et Emily Schmidt. 2018. \u00ab The Effect of Land Access on Youth Employment and Migration Decisions: Evidence from Rural Ethiopia \u00bb. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 100 (3): 931\u201154.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Kumeh, Eric Mensah, et Godfrey Omulo. 2019. \u00ab Youth\u2019s access to agricultural land in Sub-Saharan Africa: A missing link in the global land grabbing discourse \u00bb. Land Use Policy 89(d\u00e9cembre):104210.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"author":453,"featured_media":32196,"template":"","project":[14],"region":[86],"class_list":["post-242","event","type-event","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","project-seminaire-de-recherche","region-afrique"],"yoast_head":"\nS\u00e9minaire - S\u00e9ance n\u00b04 - D. A. Ciss\u00e9 - Africas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/noria-research.com\/africas\/fr\/event\/seminaire-seance-n4-d-a-cisse\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"S\u00e9minaire - S\u00e9ance n\u00b04 - D. A. 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