{"id":240,"date":"2025-02-27T00:12:24","date_gmt":"2025-02-26T23:12:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/noria-research.com\/africas\/?p=240"},"modified":"2026-02-16T12:30:11","modified_gmt":"2026-02-16T11:30:11","slug":"seminaire-seance-n3-j-villa","status":"publish","type":"event","link":"https:\/\/noria-research.com\/africas\/fr\/event\/seminaire-seance-n3-j-villa\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00e9minaire – S\u00e9ance n\u00b03 – J. Villa"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00c0 propos de Jules Villa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Jules Villa est post-doctorant dans l’unit\u00e9 Anthropologie et \u00e9cologie de l\u2019\u00e9mergence des maladies de l’Institut Pasteur de Paris, laur\u00e9at d’un financement ANRS-MIE. Apr\u00e8s une th\u00e8se \u00e0 Sciences Po Paris sous la direction de Guillaume Lachenal, il r\u00e9dige actuellement un livre sur l’histoire du Monkeypox (Mpox) en RDC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Discutant<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Simplice Ayangma Bonoho est historien de la sant\u00e9 et professeur adjoint \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montreal et du Centre d’\u00e9tudes et de recherches internationales. Sa th\u00e8se soutenue \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Gen\u00e8ve a re\u00e7u le prix Lombard Odier du Forum Suisse de Politique Internationale (FSPI). Il est l\u2019auteur du livre L’OMS en Afrique centrale. Histoire d’un colonialisme sanitaire international (1956-2000)<\/em> en 2022 aux \u00c9ditions Karthala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retour sur la communication<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n
Axe 4 – Risques, sant\u00e9 et environnement<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Cette communication explore les dynamiques historiques et contemporaines de l\u2019attention port\u00e9e au mpox en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC), en mettant en lumi\u00e8re l\u2019h\u00e9ritage du programme de surveillance men\u00e9 par l\u2019OMS entre 1981 et 1986. L\u2019analyse repose sur des enqu\u00eates de terrain men\u00e9es dans la province de la Mongala, \u00e9picentre historique de la maladie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. L\u2019histoire du mpox et l\u2019intervention de l\u2019OMS en RDC<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le virus, identifi\u00e9 en 1958 sous le nom de monkeypox, a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9tect\u00e9 chez l\u2019humain pour la premi\u00e8re fois en RDC en 1970, dans un contexte de surveillance post-\u00e9radication de la variole. Dans les ann\u00e9es 1980, l\u2019OMS met en place un programme de recherche au Za\u00efre, motiv\u00e9 autant par des pr\u00e9occupations scientifiques que par le risque r\u00e9putationnel de voir l\u2019\u00e9radication de la variole contest\u00e9e. Ce programme, bien qu\u2019il ait contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 structurer le syst\u00e8me de soins en zones rurales, ne relevait pas d\u2019une approche humanitaire mais d\u2019une logique de collecte de donn\u00e9es pour la sant\u00e9 mondiale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Mongala, en particulier le territoire de Bumba, a jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le central dans cette surveillance. La pr\u00e9sence de l\u2019OMS y a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e par des campagnes intensives de pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements et de suivi des cas, mobilisant des \u00e9quipes mobiles et les structures de sant\u00e9 locales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. M\u00e9moire locale et traces laiss\u00e9es par le programme<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aujourd\u2019hui, les anciens acteurs du programme expriment des sentiments m\u00eal\u00e9s de fiert\u00e9 et de frustration. Certains, comme Bokumbe Boyofa, autrefois impliqu\u00e9s dans la surveillance du mpox, regrettent le manque de reconnaissance de leur travail et d\u00e9noncent l\u2019abandon des infrastructures mises en place. L\u2019h\u00e9ritage du programme se manifeste aussi dans la nostalgie d\u2019une \u00e9poque o\u00f9 les moyens mat\u00e9riels et humains \u00e9taient disponibles pour agir efficacement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les anciens patients, comme Lingoy, qui fut une figure embl\u00e9matique du programme, t\u00e9moignent d\u2019une m\u00e9moire marqu\u00e9e par les visites m\u00e9dicales r\u00e9guli\u00e8res et la prise en charge sp\u00e9cifique du mpox. Cependant, cette attention s\u2019est estomp\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l\u2019arr\u00eat du programme en 1986, laissant place \u00e0 un sentiment d\u2019abandon face aux d\u00e9fis sanitaires persistants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Les contradictions des discours de sant\u00e9 publique<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les perceptions locales du mpox sont influenc\u00e9es par des messages de sant\u00e9 publique qui \u00e9voluent avec le temps. La maladie est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 la consommation de viande de singe, bien que cette pratique ait fortement diminu\u00e9. Cette contradiction alimente le scepticisme des populations face aux explications scientifiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La d\u00e9claration du mpox comme urgence de sant\u00e9 publique en 2024 a \u00e9t\u00e9 accueillie avec amertume : pourquoi faut-il attendre que la maladie touche les centres urbains pour redevenir une priorit\u00e9 ? Cette discontinuit\u00e9 de l\u2019attention illustre les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s de sant\u00e9 mondiale et la d\u00e9pendance des crises sanitaires aux agendas internationaux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019histoire du mpox en RDC r\u00e9v\u00e8le l\u2019alternance entre moments d\u2019attention intense et p\u00e9riodes d\u2019oubli. Loin d\u2019\u00eatre une simple continuit\u00e9 scientifique, la prise en charge du mpox est marqu\u00e9e par des d\u00e9cisions politiques et strat\u00e9giques qui refl\u00e8tent les hi\u00e9rarchies de la sant\u00e9 mondiale. Une analyse centr\u00e9e sur les exp\u00e9riences locales permet de mieux comprendre ces dynamiques et de questionner les priorit\u00e9s en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9 publique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9f\u00e9rences bibliographiques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • Lachenal, G., & Mbodj-Pouye, A. (2014). Restes du d\u00e9veloppement et traces de la modernit\u00e9 en Afrique. Politique africaine, 135(3), 5-21.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Geissler, P. W., Lachenal, G., Manton, J., & Tousignant, N. (2016). Traces of the Future: an archaeology of medical science in twenty-first-century Africa. Bristol: Intellect.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"author":453,"featured_media":32195,"template":"","project":[14],"region":[86],"class_list":["post-240","event","type-event","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","project-seminaire-de-recherche","region-afrique"],"yoast_head":"\nS\u00e9minaire - S\u00e9ance n\u00b03 - J. Villa - Africas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/noria-research.com\/africas\/fr\/event\/seminaire-seance-n3-j-villa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"S\u00e9minaire - S\u00e9ance n\u00b03 - J. 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